Lyme Disease: A Deeper Dive

Lyme: More Than a Bullseye Rash

When people think of Lyme disease, the classic “bullseye” rash—known as erythema migrans—often comes to mind. However, many individuals with Lyme never develop this telltale sign. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, primarily transmitted through the bite of a black-legged tick. In its early stages, it can mimic the flu, presenting with fever, fatigue, and joint pain.

The real danger lies in missed diagnoses. When left untreated, Lyme can progress into a complex, systemic illness, impacting multiple body systems.

Late-stage Lyme can affect:

• Joints (Lyme arthritis)

• Nervous system (numbness, memory loss, “brain fog”)

• Heart (Lyme carditis)

• Eyes and skin

Co-Infections: The Hidden Puzzle Pieces

Ticks rarely carry just one pathogen. In a single bite, they can transmit multiple organisms—called co-infections—that can intensify symptoms and complicate recovery. Identifying and treating these co-infections is crucial, as they often don’t respond to standard Lyme treatment alone.

Common co-infections include:

• Babesia – A malaria-like parasite causing chills, night sweats, and air hunger

• Bartonella – Known for neurological symptoms like anxiety, irritability, and neuropathy

• Ehrlichia/Anaplasma – Can cause fever, muscle pain, and low white blood cell counts

• Mycoplasma – Often linked to fatigue and joint pain

Why it matters: These co-infections may require different treatment protocols, such as antimalarials, antivirals, or targeted antibacterial therapies.

Chronic Lyme vs. Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)

For some, symptoms persist long after completing antibiotic therapy. This lingering illness is sometimes called “Chronic Lyme,” though it may also be diagnosed as Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). While controversial, leading theories suggest causes such as:

• Persistent infection

• Autoimmune dysfunction

• Residual tissue or nerve damage

• Unresolved co-infections

Common ongoing symptoms:

• Debilitating fatigue

• Migrating pain

• Sleep disturbances

• Cognitive dysfunction (“Lyme brain”)

Takeaway: It’s not all in your head. The medical community is becoming more aware of long-term Lyme symptoms, but approaches still vary widely. If you're struggling, keep advocating for yourself—many patients go years without an accurate diagnosis.

Testing Options for Chronic Lyme Disease & Co-Infections

"I’ve been sick for months (or years), but my tests are negative. Could it still be Lyme?"This is a common and deeply frustrating experience for many. Unfortunately, Lyme disease and its co-infections are notoriously difficult to detect, especially in later stages.

Why Lyme testing is so challenging:

• Borrelia burgdorferi can hide in tissues, joints, and the nervous system—not just in the bloodstream

• The immune system may no longer mount a strong response, especially in chronic cases

• Many conventional tests look for antibodies, which may be absent in late-stage or immunocompromised individuals

• Co-infections like Babesia and Bartonella require entirely different tests

There are specialty labs with more sensitive, broad-spectrum testing, but they’re often costly and not covered by insurance.

Interpreting Results: Key Tips

• A negative test doesn’t always mean you’re not infected

• Retesting may be necessary if symptoms persist or change

• Work with a Lyme-literate medical provider who understands the nuances of tick-borne illness

• Keep a detailed symptom journal—your personal history matters just as much as lab results

Immune System & Inflammation: The Long Game

Lyme disease can severely disrupt immune function. In some cases, patients may experience:

• Cytokine storms (excessive inflammatory response)

• Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) – unpredictable allergic-type reactions

• Autoimmune-like symptoms

Managing inflammation becomes a cornerstone of recovery. This is where integrative and lifestyle-based therapies shine.

Nutrition & Detox: Fueling Your Recovery

Lyme places enormous metabolic and inflammatory stress on the body. Supporting detoxification and reducing systemic inflammation can make a significant difference in how you feel.

Anti-inflammatory diet suggestions:

• Load up on leafy greens, berries, fatty fish, and turmeric

• Avoid processed foods, refined sugar, and gluten

Support detoxification:

• Stay hydrated—add electrolytes when needed

• Use binders under practitioner supervision

• Consider gentle therapies like sauna, Epsom salt baths, ionic foot baths, dry brushing, and intermittent fasting

Tools & Resources

• Find a Lyme-literate doctor – An experienced provider is key to proper diagnosis and treatment

• Patient communities – Support and information: Lymedisease.org, Global Lyme Alliance, Facebook groups

• Tick removal and prevention – Refer to the CDC Tick Guide

• Watch: Under Our Skin – A powerful documentary shedding light on the patient experience